Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/10609/70689
Title: Motor cortex neurostimulation technologies for chronic post-stroke pain: Implications of tissue damage on stimulation currents
Author: O'Brien, Anthony T.
Amorim, Rivadavio
Rushmore, Richard Jarrett
Eden, Uri
Afifi, Linda  
Dipietro, Laura
Wagner, Timothy
Valero-Cabré, Antoni  
Citation: O'Brien, A.T., Amorim, R., Rushmore, R.J., Eden, U., Afifi, L., Dipietro, L., Wagner, T. & Valero-Cabré, A. (2016). "Motor Cortex Neurostimulation Technologies for Chronic Post-stroke Pain: Implications of Tissue Damage on Stimulation Currents". Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 10(NOV2016). ISSN 1662-5161. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00545
Abstract: Central post stroke pain (CPSP) is a highly refractory syndrome that can occur after stroke. Primary motor cortex (M1) brain stimulation using epidural brain stimulation (EBS), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) have been explored as potential therapies for CPSP. These techniques have demonstrated variable clinical efficacy. It is hypothesized that changes in the stimulating currents that are caused by stroke-induced changes in brain tissue conductivity limit the efficacy of these techniques. We generated MRI-guided finite element models of the current density distributions in the human head and brain with and without chronic focal cortical infarctions during EBS, TMS, and tDCS. We studied the change in the stimulating current density distributions magnitude, orientation, and maxima locations between the different models. Changes in electrical properties at stroke boundaries altered the distribution of stimulation currents in magnitude, location, and orientation. Current density magnitude alterations were larger for the non-invasive techniques (i.e., tDCS and TMS) than for EBS. Nonetheless, the lesion also altered currents during EBS. The spatial shift of peak current density, relative to the size of the stimulation source, was largest for EBS. In order to maximize therapeutic efficiency, neurostimulation trials need to account for the impact of anatomically disrupted neural tissues on the location, orientation, and magnitude of exogenously applied currents. The relative current-neuronal structure should be considered when planning stimulation treatment, especially across techniques (e.g., using TMS to predict EBS response). We postulate that the effects of altered tissue properties in stroke regions may impact stimulation induced analgesic effects and/or lead to highly variable outcomes during brain stimulation treatments in CPSP.
Keywords: epidural brain stimulation
transcranial magnetic stimulation
transcranial direct current stimulation
motor cortex
neurological model
stroke
pain
dolor
analgesia
DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00545
Document type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Issue Date: Nov-2016
Publication license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/  
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