The Restless Legs Syndrome is a sensory and motor disorder, highly prevalent, characterized by the urge to move the legs for unpleasant sensations during rest with high impact on the quality of life of those who suffer it. Although the exact pathophysiology is not completely known, it is known that
there is a brain iron deficiency and impaired dopamine function. While treatment with dopamine agonists was previously the first-line therapy, the prolonged use may lead to a serious worsening of symptoms known as augmentation phenomenon. Studies on brain iron deficiency have provided valuable information about the pathophysiology that is expected to result in new and more effective treatments.