How to build alternatives to platform capitalism?

Abstract

In the pursuit of sustainable development and democratization within the platform economy, the manuscript delineates a novel classification of platform models, namely unicorn platforms, open commons, and platform cooperatives. These models are scrutinized through the lens of their alignment with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), revealing a nuanced ecosystem where alternatives to the traditional extractive platform capitalism, such as platform cooperativism and open commons, offer pathways towards more inclusive, equitable, and sustainable digital economies. Through empirical case studies and the application of the 'Star of Democratic Qualities' analytical tool, this research underscores the potential of these alternative models to foster a fairer digital economy by promoting democratic governance, economic sharing, technological openness, social responsibility, and environmental sustainability.