Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/10609/151629
Title: Tailored impact of dietary fibers on gut microbiota: a multi-omics comparison on the lean and obese microbial communities
Author: Dell’Olio, Andrea
Scott, William  
Taroncher Ferrer, Silvia  
San Onofre Bernat, Nadia  
Soriano, José Miguel
Rubert, Josep  
Citation: Dell’Olio, A. [Andrea], Scott Jr., W. [William] T., Taroncher-Ferrer, S. [Silvia], San Onofre, N.[Nadia], Soriano, J.M [José Miguel], Rupert, J. [Josep]. (2024) Tailored impact of dietary fibers on gut microbiota: a multi-omics comparison on the lean and obese microbial communities. Microbiome 12, 250. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-024-01975-x
Abstract: Background Previous studies have shown that microbial communities differ in obese and lean individuals, and die- tary fiber can help reduce obesity-related conditions through diet-gut microbiota interactions. However, the mecha- nisms by which dietary fibers shape the gut microbiota still need to be elucidated. In this in vitro study, we examined how apple fibers affect lean and obese microbial communities on a global scale. We employed a high-throughput micro-matrix bioreactor system and a multi-omics approach to identify the key microorganisms and metabolites involved in this process. Results Initially, metagenomics and metabolomics data indicated that obese and lean microbial communities had distinct starting microbial communities. We found that obese microbial community had different characteris- tics, including higher levels of Ruminococcus bromii and lower levels of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, along with an increased Firmicutes:Bacteroides ratio. Afterward, we exposed obese and lean microbial communities to an apple as a representative complex food matrix, apple pectin as a soluble fiber, and cellulose as an insoluble fiber. Dietary fibers, particularly apple pectin, reduced Acidaminococcus intestini and boosted Megasphaera and Akkermansia in the obese microbial community. Additionally, these fibers altered the production of metabolites, increasing ben- eficial indole microbial metabolites. Our results underscored the ability of apple and apple pectin to shape the obese gut microbiota. Conclusion We found that the obese microbial community had higher branched-chain amino acid catabolism and hexanoic acid production, potentially impacting energy balance. Apple dietary fibers, especially pectin, influ- enced the obese microbial community, altering both species and metabolites. Notably, the apple pectin feeding condition affected species like Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bifidobacterium longum. By using genome-scale metabolic modeling, we discovered a mutualistic cross-feeding relationship between Megasphaera sp. MJR8396C and Bifidobac- terium adolescentis. This in vitro study suggests that incorporating apple fibers into the diets of obese individuals can help modify the composition of gut bacteria and improve metabolic health. This personalized approach could help mitigate the effects of obesity.
Keywords: Gut microbiota
Metagenomics
Metabolomics
Gut microbial metabolites
Pectin
Obese
Metabolic modelling
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-024-01975-x
Document type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Version: info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Issue Date: 30-Nov-2024
Publication license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es/  
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