Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/10609/120845
Title: Mortalidad y salud en vegetarianos occidentales: Relación entre la dieta vegetariana, las enfermedades no transmisibles y sus factores de riesgo
Author: Saz Yunquera, Pablo
Tutor: Sánchez Socarrás, Violeida
Abstract: Non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs) and their risk factors (dyslipidemia, overweight, insulin resistance, etc.) constitute the main cause of mortality and morbidity in the world, reaching its highest proportion in the developed world. In the US, NCDs cause 88% of total deaths and in Spain, 91%. Approximately two thirds of the total are caused by the four main NCDs: cardiovascular disease, cancer, respiratory disease, and diabetes mellitus. The etiology of these diseases is complex and multifactorial, but unhealthy lifestyle habits in general and poor diet in particular play a determining role. This fact indicates that a change in the dietary pattern could lead to a substantial reduction in the global disease burden, saving millions of lives each year and improving the lives of a large part of the population. Numerous studies have suggested that people who follow vegetarian dietary patterns have lower death rates and a lower prevalence of NCDs. The objective of this review was to collect the research evidence accumulated in the last decade on the health of western vegetarians. For this, meta-analyzes were sought that compared the health (NCDs and risk factors) of the western vegetarian population with that of the non-vegetarian population. Five meta-analyzes were found: 1 on mortality and cancer, and 4 on cardiometabolic risk factors. After analyzing the results and comparing them with other investigations, the following was concluded: Both overall mortality and cancer incidence are lower in the western vegetarian population than in the omnivorous population. More research is required to clarify the relationship of the vegetarian diet with some specific causes of death and certain types of cancer. The evidence associating the western vegetarian diet with better cardiometabolic risk profiles is solid. Western vegetarians are less overweight and less likely to develop hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, or type 2 diabetes. Factors that give the vegetarian diet a protective character should continue to be investigated, although the absence of red and processed meats, and a diet rich in vegetables are decisive. In addition to reducing the global burden of disease (mortality and morbidity), vegetarian diets, and especially vegan diets, can contribute to the fulfillment of many other UN Sustainable Development Goals by being the dietary pattern with the least environmental impact.
Keywords: risk factors
vegetarian diet
cardiovascular diseases
cancer
mortality
Document type: info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
Issue Date: Jun-2020
Publication license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es/  
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SaludDietasVegetarianas_PabloSazYunquera_TFM.docxRevisión bibliográfica de las evidencias acumuladas en la última década (2010-2020) que relacionan la salud general, mortalidad y prevalencia de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECV, cáncer, diabetes...) y sus factores de riesgo entre la población vegetariana occidental y la no vegetariana.154,28 kBMicrosoft Word XMLView/Open
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