Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/10609/120866
Title: Minerales en la nutrición de los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica
Author: Galán Carrillo, Isabel María
Tutor: Calleja-Fernández, Alicia  
Abstract: Introduction: chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to hydroelectrolytic disorders that are associated with a worse prognosis. Its management includes specific nutritional recommendations. The objective of the present review is to compile the information contained in the main scientific databases about the influence of diet on the management of these alterations. Methods: Bibliographic review design: relevant nutrition or kidney disease journals reviews, observational and experimental research studies search, published in the last twenty years. Results: After an initial search of 338 articles, 68 of them fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The main results: The optimal diet for CKD patients must be individualized. A moderate protein restriction of 0.6-0.8 gr/kg/day is recommended, which can contribute to the hyperphosphatemia, metabolic acidosis and hyperkalemia control. Ultra-processed foods due to the high content of inorganic phosphorus and salt is advisable to be restricted. The use of low sodium salt and foods enhanced with additives is discouraged. The low potassium diet, which includes restriction of fruits and vegetables, should not be started unless there is such an alteration. A useful strategy to decrease the potassium content in the diet is to cook foods with techniques that decrease that ion. A restriction of 5-6 grams of salt per day is recommended, less if there are comorbidities. The main difficulty found lies in the lack of adherence to the recommendations. Conclusion: There are multiple dietary recommendations for patients with CKD, although scientific evidence is lacking regarding the appropriate strategies to increase adherence to them.
Keywords: chronic kidney disease
diet
nutrition
hyperphosphatemia
hyperkalemia
metabolic acidosis
hydrosaline retention
Document type: info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
Issue Date: Jul-2020
Publication license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es/  
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